Visual+Rhetoric

Please add the terms you learned from //Picturing Texts//. Ensure the term is now clear to someone who did not read about it in the book! -**Ideally, a balanced picture consist of an equal amount of both sides. It promotes a sense of evenness or consistency. Ex. The picture in the book has a little girl with her hands going up and the man with his hands going down. -Can also be used to show imbalance. A picture that has no balance can also be used as a strategy to prove a point. -Often times the balance is of opposites. Up down, left right, big small. -Balance can exist as symmetrical or unsymmetrical. The latter creates a sense of urgency or disorder, which can have desired effects. -Vincent Qu (Sean Feng)
 * Balance

- usually a comment or brief description regarding the image that helps to clarify on the content's meaning or purpose - can be used to emphasize/ highlight key components of the image Shannon Yeh (Jean Zhang)
 * Captions**

Both charts and graphs act as a form of visual argument, as they use: -logos, or numbers and statistics to emphasize a point. - visual comparison to support a purpose. The impact from seeing a disparity or lack of disparity between measurements is amplified when seen visually in a bar or line form, rather than just seeing numbers. Presents facts effectively and easy to see. -Graphs are classified as a visual representation that uses a coordinate plane consisting of an X axis and a Y axis. -Charts differ in being pictorally represented numbers for certain categories. For example, a pie chart, or a bar graph charts. -Different charts are used for emphasis on different information. Bar graphs are useful for comparing numerical data. Line graphs emphasize changes in data across time (can compare two or more at a particular time) while pie graphs give a quick overview of the relationship of parts to a whole. -The message conveyed can be found through analyzing the arrangement of data, the proportions, labels and captions. Jessie Schroeder (edited: Alicia Chen)
 * Charts and Graphs**

- Graphics and images are good ways to emphasize or depict two things because the audience can quickly see similarities and differences between two objects or ideas. - It is often used to introduce an unfamiliar object by comparing it with a familiar one - This is often accomplished by playing with color, brightness, texture, balance, spacial arrangement, and proportion. -Laura -Play with color, brightness, texture, etc. to distinguish by comparing differences. -Used to define a unfamiliar concept through use of familiar concepts. -HoiChi
 * Comparison and Contrast**

Description -'A picture is worth a thousand words" -Uses details in photo to give sense of not only sight, but taste, smell, touch, sound -Can have words as well as objects on frame showing an over all experience Sophie Lin

- this technique focuses the audiences' attention towards specific parts of a visual that they feel is more important - guides the eye to the main point/idea of the visual - can use font size, font style, largeness, composition, lighting, etc to emphasis on a part of the image - ex. the blank black page with one line of white sentence makes the eye focus on the sentence (makes a great impact) Amy Liu
 * Emphasis**

-Unity is the main idea or dominant impression of a piece, writing or otherwise. -it gives a clear focus on the main idea and often provides a sense of a beginning, middle, and end to the visual -disunity is also a technique used (Victor Kung - double checked)
 * Unity**

-In writing, headings, titles, or topic sentences could all be used to bring Unity. -In visuals, unity could be brought about by repetition (of colors, of positions, of lighting), or an overall pattern being used. Amie George

-Patterns are sequences of repeatedly used techniques and / or aspects and influence the way we perceive something. -We rely on patterns because they are used to create meaning and emphasis. -For example, visual patterns such as the black-and-white pattern are commonly used for comparison and contrast or to emphasize one aspect over another. Vincent Li (Emily Barns)
 * Pattern**


 * Classification - Abe Yoon**
 * Classification is one means of organizing and analyzing a topic
 * It groups things into categories to similarities
 * Visual cues are critical for classifying different animals such as monkeys and chimpanzees
 * Many classification depend entirely on words. ex) Calling some crimes felonies / graduate students / undergraduate students
 * Another example of classification can be the table of contents of //Picturing Texts// which had topics with same font, and subtopics with smaller font.

By: Kevin Hsu & Donna Ni - used more in design, but in writing = more powerful claims need more support - relationship (relative size) of parts, from one element to another within a piece - scale is used as a reference point (what society typically expects certain size relationships to be) - scale in relation to the human body is often used, as people view the sizes of objects in real life in relation to humans - objects out of scale grabs the attention of the viewer / emphasizes certain aspects - can be manipulated by the angle of the piece, making something seem bigger / smaller than it really is
 * Proportion**

By Lily Feng --a set of one or more fonts, in one or more sizes, containing letters, numerals, and punctuation marks --differentiates from font as typefaces designates a consistent visual appearance which contains several types of font (ex. Arial can contain bold, italic and roman fonts) --is measured in pts --there are two types of type faces: serif and sans serif a) serif: small features at the end of strokes within letters
 * Typeface:**

- Narration of an image is evident when it's a motion picture that you can instantly tell what's happening or it can be a series of still motion pictures to tell a story. You imagine the action and events by connecting the frames of the still motion pictures. Narrations main purpose is to tell a story through images that are either still or continuous. MJ Kim Emily Albrecht b) sans serif: type faces without serif
 * Narration**

By: Joy Lai --The different styles in which words can appear --shape, width and sizes all changes or defines the way we perceive messages within a visual --formal/informal depending on the audience e.g.: **Bold**, //Italics//, __underline__ are often used to create emphasis or highlight key words swirly fonts could give an elegant or happy feel comic sans is more informal
 * Font:**

-Visual metaphors use a familiar image in an unexpected manner in order to attach the meanings or connotations of that image onto an issue, concern, point of view, etc. -Often the metaphor is ironic or aims to be persuasive, but a single visual image can also be a metaphor entirely in itself to represent a larger situation or concern -For example: - Transforming the cigarette holder into a gun pointing at the user attaches the connotations of a smoking gun (i.e. gunshots, blood, suffering, death) to smoking tobacco and is an emotional appeal to discourage smoking.
 * (Visual) Metaphor**

Chris Germain

-Point of view refers to perspective as well as the vantage point the designer provides. -This is used to grab attention or to emphasize a particular subject much like how a writer may describe things from various close up or distant points of view. Tim Chen
 * Point of View**